印尼贯穿流源区马鲁古海与哈马黑拉海水团来源的季节和年际变化   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

王露  周磊  谢玲玲  郑全安  李强  李明明 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(4):58-71

So far, large uncertainties of the Indonesian throughflow(ITF) reside in the eastern Indonesian seas, such as the Maluku Sea and the Halmahera Sea. In this study, the water sources of the Maluku Sea and the Halmahera Sea are diagnosed at seasonal and interannual timescales and at different vertical layers, using the state-of-the-art simulations of the Ocean General Circulation Model(OGCM) for Earth Simulator(OFES). Asian monsoon leaves clear seasonal footprints on the eastern Indonesian seas. Consequently, the subsurface waters(around 24.5σ_θ and at ～150 m) in both the Maluku Sea and the Halmahera Sea stem from the South Pacific(SP) during winter monsoon, but during summer monsoon the Maluku Sea is from the North Pacific(NP), and the Halmahera Sea is a mixture of waters originating from the NP and the SP. The monsoon impact decreases with depth, so that in the Maluku Sea, the intermediate water(around 26.8σ_θ and at ～480 m) is always from the northern Banda Sea and the Halmahera Sea water is mainly from the SP in winter and the Banda Sea in summer. The deep waters(around27.2σ_θ and at ～1 040 m) in both seas are from the SP, with weak seasonal variability. At the interannual timescale,the subsurface water in the Maluku Sea originates from the NP/SP during El Ni?o/La Ni?a, while the subsurface water in the Halmahera Sea always originates from the SP. Similar to the seasonal variability, the intermediate water in Maluku Sea mainly comes from the Banda Sea and the Halmahera Sea always originates from the SP. The deep waters in both seas are from the SP. Our findings are helpful for drawing a comprehensive picture of the water properties in the Indonesian seas and will contribute to a better understanding of the ocean-atmosphere interaction over the maritime continent.  相似文献   

海上风电升压站平台高程确定标准的合理性研究     

潘晓春 《海洋技术学报》2019,38(6):83-88

为保证海上风电升压电站建设的经济合理与安全可靠,合理确定海上风电升压电站平台高程十分必要。文中从波浪与潮位的遭遇组合、最大波高取值与现行相关标准的比较、最大波峰高度计算的合理性等方面,全面分析了确定海上风电升压站平台高程各组成项取值标准的合理性,研究认为现行标准明显偏高。建议海上升压站平台底部高程按"100年一遇极端高水位+重现期50年波列累积频率1%的最大波峰高度+安全超高"确定。结合工程实例计算分析,按本文建议可使海上升压站平台高程明显降低,从而节省工程造价,还可减轻升压站工程对周边风机的遮蔽影响,以达到多发电量的效果。  相似文献   

滇西南钾盐调查MK-3大口径超深井绳索取心钻进工艺          下载免费PDF全文

吕利强 《探矿工程》2020,47(3):53-58

滇西南中生代盐盆地钾盐资源调查评价项目MK-3井，设计井深2700 m，全孔取心，岩心直径≮80 mm，一般井段岩心采取率达到80%以上，盐岩段岩心采取率＞95%。工程技术要求高，施工难度大。施工中遇到了地层坍塌、涌水、掉块、盐岩溶蚀等问题，通过采用氯化镁饱和盐水冲洗液，HXY-9B型钻机取心钻进、TSJ-2000型水源钻机扩孔钻进，分级下管隔离等措施，圆满完成了钻探任务。完钻井深2701 m，岩心采取率90%，盐岩段岩心采取率达98.65%，终孔口径127 mm，岩心直径81 mm。经地球物理测井，各项指标都达到了设计要求。刷新了国内CHD127标准绳索取心钻杆P口径钻探深度的记录。  相似文献   

GBW10010a大米标准物质复(研)制及数据特征     

杨榕  顾铁新  潘含江  刘妹  周国华 《岩矿测试》2020,39(6):866-877

随着我国对生态文明建设的重视，自然资源综合调查势在必行，对生物标准物质亦提出了新的需求。当前相关调研工作已经大面积开展，自然资源综合调查、农产品与食品安全评价都需要对生物样品元素组成进行准确测试，需要以生物标准物质作为生物成分测试量值比对和溯源的基础，因此对生物基体标准物质的需求量大幅增加。大米作为主要粮食之一，其食品安全日益受到重视，对大米中的化学成分进行准确的分析测试具有重要的现实意义，因而对大米标准物质的需求量尤为突出，但目前大米成分分析标准物质已供不应求。本文严格按照《标准物质定值的通用原则及统计学原理》（JJF 1343—2012）和《地质分析标准物质的研制》（JJF 1646—2017）等相关规范要求，开展了GBW10010a大米成分分析标准物质的复（研）制工作，包括样品采集、加工制备、均匀性检验、稳定性检验、多家实验室协作定值测试及不确定度评定等关键环节。结果表明：本次复（研）制的大米标准物质定值成分多样、量值准确可靠，符合国家一级标准物质的要求。GBW10010a共定值54项主微量元素，包括Ag、Al、As、B、Ba、Be、Bi、Ca、Cd、Ce、Co、Cr、Cs、Cu、Dy、Er、Eu、Fe、Gd、Ge、Hg、Ho、K、La、Li、Ho、Mg、Mn、Mo、N、Na、Nb、Nd、Ni、P、Pb、Pr、Rb、S、Sb、Sc、Se、Si、Sm、Sr、Tb、Th、Tl、Tm、U、V、Y、Yb、Zn，其中的39项元素给出了标准值及不确定度，包括Ag、Al、As、B、Ba、Ca、Cd、Ce、Co、Cs、Cu、Dy、Er、Fe、Hg、K、Li、Mg、Mn、Mo、N、Na、Nd、Ni、P、Pb、Pr、Rb、S、Sb、Se、Si、Sm、Sr、Tb、Tl、Y、Yb、Zn；15项元素提供参考值，包括Be、Bi、Cr、Eu、Gd、Ge、Ho、Ho、La、Nb、Sc、Th、Tm、U、V。与原有GBW10010大米标准物质相比较，GBW10010a中As、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Hg、Mn、Mo、Ni、Zn等重金属元素含量显著下降，其中Cd、Cu、Zn降幅较大，分别下降约39%、43%、38.7%，一定程度上反映了农田生态环境的改善。本批标准物质定值元素总数量增加了6项，新增定值元素Ag、Nb（Nb给出参考值），并且各项元素不确定度范围整体上有所缩小，如Al、Cd、Cu、Fe、K、Mg、Mo、Na、P、Pb、Se、Zn等对生物易有影响的重要元素，表明了地质分析测试方法技术的进步及定值水平的提高。本批标准物质定值元素涵盖了具有生物效应的大部分主微量元素，适用于农业生态环境地球化学调查与评价、生物样品测试、农产品质量与食品安全评价样品测试时的分析仪器校正、分析方法评价和分析质量监控等多个领域。  相似文献   

Local meteoric water lines describe extratropical precipitation     

Devin F. Smith  Elsa Saelens  Deborah L. Leslie  Anne E. Carey 《水文研究》2021,35(2):e14059

Stable water isotopes δ¹⁸O and δ²H are used to investigate precipitation trends and storm dynamics to advance knowledge of precipitation patterns in a warming world. Herein, δ¹⁸O and δ²H were used to determine the relationship between extratropical cyclonic precipitation and local meteoric water lines (LMWLs) in the eastern Ohio Valley and the eastern United States. Precipitation volume weighted and unweighted central Ohio LMWLs, created with samples collected during 2012–2018, showed that temperature had the greatest effect on precipitation isotopic composition. HYSPLIT back trajectory modelling showed that precipitation was primarily derived from a mid-continental moisture source. Remnants of major hurricanes were collected as extratropical precipitation during the 2012–2018 sampling period in central Ohio. Extratropical precipitation samples were not significantly different from the samples that created the central Ohio LMWL. Six additional LMWLs were derived from United States Geological Survey (USGS) Atmospheric Integrated Research Monitoring Network (AIRMoN) samples collected in Pennsylvania, Delaware, Tennessee, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Oxford, Ohio. Meteoric water lines describing published samples from Superstorm Sandy, plotted with these AIRMoN LMWLs, showed isotopic composition of Superstorm Sandy precipitation was commonly more depleted than the average isotopic composition at the mid-latitude locations. Meteoric water lines describing the Superstorm Sandy precipitation were not significantly different in slope from LMWLs generated within 300 km of the USGS AIRMoN site. This finding, which was observed across the eastern Ohio Valley and eastern United States, demonstrated a consistent precipitation δ²H–δ¹⁸O relationship for extratropical cyclonic and non-cyclonic events. This work also facilitates the analysis of storm development based on the relationship between extratropical event signature and the LMWL. Analysis of extratropical precipitation in relation to LMWLs along storm tracks allows for stronger development of precipitation models and understanding of which climatic and atmospheric factors determine the isotopic composition of precipitation.  相似文献   

Predicting quantiles of water quality from catchment characteristics     

Danlu Guo  Shuci Liu  Dhananjay Singh  Andrew W. Western 《水文研究》2021,35(1):e13996

Water quality is often highly variable both in space and time, which poses challenges for modelling the more extreme concentrations. This study developed an alternative approach to predicting water quality quantiles at individual locations. We focused on river water quality data that were collected over 25 years, at 102 catchments across the State of Victoria, Australia. We analysed and modelled spatial patterns of the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 90th percentiles of the concentrations of sediments, nutrients and salt, with six common constituents: total suspended solids (TSS), total phosphorus (TP), filterable reactive phosphorus (FRP), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), nitrate-nitrite (NO_x), and electrical conductivity (EC). To predict the spatial variation of each quantile for each constituent, we developed statistical regression models and exhaustively searched through 50 catchment characteristics to identify the best set of predictors for that quantile. The models predict the spatial variation in individual quantiles of TSS, TKN and EC well (66%–96% spatial variation explained), while those for TP, FRP and NO_x have lower performance (37%–73% spatial variation explained). The most common factors that influence the spatial variations of the different constituents and quantiles are: annual temperature, percentage of cropping land area in catchment and channel slope. The statistical models developed can be used to predict how low- and high-concentration quantiles change with landscape characteristics, and thus provide a useful tool for catchment managers to inform planning and policy making with changing climate and land use conditions.  相似文献   

Quantifying suitable dynamic water levels in marsh wetlands based on hydrodynamic modelling     

Peng Hu  Zefan Yang  Qiande Zhu  Weize Wang  Qin Yang 《水文研究》2021,35(2):e14054

The water level of marsh wetlands is a dominant force controlling the wetland ecosystem function, especially for aquatic habitat. For different species, water level requirements vary in time and space, and therefore ensuring suitable water levels in different periods is crucial for the maintenance of biodiversity in marsh wetlands. Based on hydrodynamic modelling and habitat suitability assessment, we determined suitable dynamic water levels considering aquatic habitat service at different periods in marsh wetlands. The two-dimensional hydrodynamic model was used to simulate the temporal and spatial variation of water level. The habitat suitability for target species at various water levels was evaluated to obtain the fitting curves between Weighted Usable Area (WUA) and water levels. And then suitable water levels throughout the year were proposed according to the fitting curves. Using the Zhalong Wetland (located in northeastern China) as a case study, we confirmed that the proposed MIKE 21 model can successfully be used to simulate the water level process in the wetland. Suitable water levels were identified as being from 143.9–144.2 m for April to May, 144.1–144.3 m for June to September, and 144.3–144.4 m for October to November (before the freezing season). Furthermore, proposed water diversion schemes have been identified which can effectively sustain the proposed dynamic water levels. This study is expected to provide appropriate guidance for the determination of environmental flows and water management strategies in marsh wetlands.  相似文献   

Evaluating soil water routing approaches in watershed-scale,ecohydrologic modelling     

Garett Pignotti  Indrajeet Chaubey  Keith Cherkauer  Mark Williams  Melba Crawford 《水文研究》2021,35(3):e14034

Soil water dynamics are central in linking and regulating natural cycles in ecohydrology, however, mathematical representation of soil water processes in models is challenging given the complexity of these interactions. To assess the impacts of soil water simulation approaches on various model outputs, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool was modified to accommodate an alternative soil water percolation method and tested at two geographically and climatically distinct, instrumented watersheds in the United States. Soil water was evaluated at the site scale via measured observations, and hydrologic and biophysical outputs were analysed at the watershed scale. Results demonstrated an improved Kling–Gupta Efficiency of up to 0.3 and a reduction in percent bias from 5 to 25% at the site scale, when soil water percolation was changed from a threshold, bucket-based approach to an alternative approach based on variable hydraulic conductivity. The primary difference between the approaches was attributed to the ability to simulate soil water content above field capacity for successive days; however, regardless of the approach, a lack of site-specific characterization of soil properties by the soils database at the site scale was found to severely limit the analysis. Differences in approach led to a regime shift in percolation from a few, high magnitude events to frequent, low magnitude events. At the watershed scale, the variable hydraulic conductivity-based approach reduced average annual percolation by 20–50 mm, directly impacting the water balance and subsequently biophysical predictions. For instance, annual denitrification increased by 14–24 kg/ha for the new approach. Overall, the study demonstrates the need for continued efforts to enhance soil water model representation for improving biophysical process simulations.  相似文献   

How deep can forest vegetation cover extend their hydrological reinforcing contribution?          下载免费PDF全文

Elyas Hayati  Ehsan Abdi  Mohsen Mohseni Saravi  John L. Nieber  Baris Majnounian  Giovanni B. Chirico 《水文研究》2018,32(16):2570-2583

An experimental campaign was set up to quantify the contribution of evapotranspiration fluxes on hillslope hydrology and stability for different forest vegetation cover types. Three adjacent hillslopes, respectively, covered by hardwood, softwood, and grass were instrumented with nine access tubes each to monitor soil water dynamics at the three depths of 30, 60, and 100 cm, using a PR2/6 profile probe (Delta‐T Devices Ltd) for about 6 months including wet periods. Soil was drier under softwood and wetter under grass at all the three depths during most of the monitoring period. Matric suction derived via the soil moisture measurements was more responsive to changes in the atmospheric conditions and also recovered faster at the 30 cm depth. Results showed no significant differences between mean matric suction under hardwood (101.6 kPa) with that under either softwood or grass cover. However, a significant difference was found between mean matric suction under softwood (137.5 kPa) and grass (84.3 kPa). Results revealed that, during the wettest period, the hydrological effects from all three vegetation covers were substantial at the 30 cm depth, whereas the contribution from grass cover at 60 cm (2.0 kPa) and 100 cm (1.1 kPa) depths and from hardwood trees at 100 cm depth (1.2 kPa) was negligible. It is surmised that potential instability would have occurred at these larger depths along hillslopes where shallow hillslope failures are most likely to occur in the region. The hydrological effects from softwood trees, 8.1 and 3.9 kPa, were significant as the corresponding factor of safety values showed stable conditions at both depths of 60 and 100 cm, respectively. Therefore, the considerable hydrological reinforcing effects from softwood trees to the 100 cm depth suggest that a hillslope stability analysis would show that hillslopes with softwood trees will be stable even during the wet season.  相似文献   

内蒙古鲁新井田水文地质条件研究          下载免费PDF全文

赵志强  安美艳  高奎锋  王兆亮  王福芝 《山东国土资源》2018,34(6)

矿产资源开发导致了地下水失衡,地下水失衡又给矿产开发造成了极大的安全隐患,近年来,矿产资源开发与地下水环境保护之间的矛盾愈发凸显。通过对内蒙古鲁新井田典型的水文地质条件进行分析研究,分析采矿导致地下水失衡机理,深入剖析矿井开采充水条件及矿山开发对地下水环境的影响,合理提出了促进矿产开发与地下水保护相互协调的对策建议,为实现"采矿保水"协调统一提供了基础地质依据。为类似地区矿产开发过程中遵循自然规律,趋利避害,保障生产安全,保护地下水环境安全,实现资源绿色开发有较好的指导借鉴作用。  相似文献